Information Processing Cycle
- Category: Other
Information Processing Cycle
Computer
·
an electronic device,
operating under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory unit, that can accept data (input), manipulate the data according to
specified rules (process),
produce information (output) from the processing, and store the results for
future use. The term is
used to describe a collection of devices that function together as a system.
Information Processing
Cycle
·
computers can perform
four general operations: input, process, output, and storage.
Data
- collection of raw facts, figures, and symbols,
such as numbers, words, images, video, and
sounds given to a computer during the input operation.
Information
·
is data that is
organized, meaningful, and useful. Computers manipulate data to
create information
Computer Program
(software)
·
detailed set of
instructions that tells the computer exactly what to do. The computer executes
one program instruction after another until the job is complete.
Primary Components of
a Computer
- input devices, the processor (control unit and
arithmetic/logic unit), memory, output devices, storage devices, and
communications devices.
System Unit
- box-like case which houses the processor,
memory, and storage devices.
Input Device
·
any hardware component
that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and
user responses into a computer. examples: keyboard, mouse, digital camera
scanner, scanner, and
microphone.
Central Processing
Unit (processor)
- interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate
a computer. The processor is made up of the control unit and arithmetic/logic
unit.
Control Unit
·
interprets the
instructions.
Arithmetic/Logic Unit
·
performs the logical
and arithmetic processes
RAM (memory)
·
consists of electronic
components that store instructions waiting to be executed
by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of
processed data. Memory
usually consists of one or more chips on the motherboard in the computer.
ROM (Read Only Memory)
·
is
"built-in" computer memory containing data that normally can
only be read, not written to. ROM contains the programming that allows your
computer to be
"booted up" or regenerated each time you turn it on. Unlike a
computer's Random Access Memory
(RAM), the data in ROM is not lost when the computer power is turned off. The
ROM is sustained
by a small long-life battery in your computer.
Motherboard (system
board
·
is the main circuit
board in the computer to which many electronic
components are attached.
Byte
·
a memory location that
stores one character
